Water Heater Troubleshooting: Common Problems and How to Fix Them Fast

When your water heater starts misbehaving—whether it's lukewarm showers, strange noises, or leaks—knowing how to troubleshoot the problem can help you take quick, informed action. For homeowners in Central Ohio, especially during our long winters, having hot water is more than a luxury—it’s a daily necessity.

Here’s a comprehensive and practical water heater troubleshooting guide crafted by seasoned plumbers with years of experience. This guide is designed to assist you in accurately identifying the specific issues your water heater may be facing. By following these expert insights, you will be equipped with the knowledge to take informed and decisive action, ensuring that you can address the problem efficiently and effectively.

No Hot Water? Start Here First

Electric Water Heaters

For electric water heaters, it is crucial to first ensure that the circuit breaker associated with the unit has not tripped. A tripped breaker can cut off the power supply to your water heater, rendering it unable to heat water. To check this, locate your home's electrical panel and identify the breaker dedicated to the water heater.

If you find that the breaker is in the "off" position or not fully engaged, reset it by switching it off completely and then turning it back on. This simple action can often restore power to the unit, allowing it to resume normal operation and heat water effectively. If the breaker trips again after resetting, it may indicate a more complex electrical issue that requires professional attention.

Gas Water Heaters

For gas water heaters, it is essential to first confirm that the pilot light is lit, as this small flame is crucial for igniting the gas burner that heats the water. If you find that the pilot light has gone out, it can often be relit by following the manufacturer's instructions, which typically involve turning the gas control knob to the "pilot" position and using a match or lighter to ignite the flame. However, if the pilot light continues to go out after being relit, this could be a sign of a more serious issue, such as a faulty thermocouple or a malfunctioning gas control valve.

The thermocouple is a safety device that senses whether the pilot light is burning and shuts off the gas supply if it is not, preventing gas leaks. If it is defective, it may not detect the flame properly, causing the pilot light to extinguish. Similarly, a gas control valve that is not functioning correctly can disrupt the flow of gas to the pilot light, leading to repeated outages. In such cases, it is advisable to consult a professional to diagnose and resolve the issue, ensuring the safe and efficient operation of your water heater.

Understanding the Thermostat

Examine the thermostat settings on your water heater tank carefully. The thermostat is a crucial component that regulates the temperature of the water, ensuring it reaches the desired warmth. If the thermostat is set too low, it may not allow the water to heat sufficiently, resulting in lukewarm or cold water.

On the other hand, if the thermostat is malfunctioning, it could be inaccurately reading the water temperature, thereby preventing the heating elements from activating as needed. This malfunction can lead to inconsistent water temperatures or a complete lack of hot water.

Adjusting the thermostat to the appropriate setting or replacing a faulty thermostat can often resolve these issues, restoring your water heater to optimal performance. If you are unsure about how to adjust or assess the thermostat, consulting the manufacturer's manual or seeking professional assistance is advisable to ensure safe and effective handling.

Common Water Heater Problems and Fixes

Here are the most frequent issues we see, along with possible causes:

• Inconsistent water temperature: In electric water heaters, inconsistent water temperature often results from a faulty thermostat or heating element. In gas water heaters, it can be due to a dirty burner or blocked vent. Regular maintenance, like cleaning the burner and clearing the vent, helps maintain consistent temperatures.

• Strange noises (popping, rumbling): Sediment buildup in the water heater tank often causes popping or rumbling noises. Minerals and debris settle at the bottom, making the heater work harder. A professional should flush the tank to remove sediment, resolving the noise and improving efficiency and longevity.

• Water smells like rotten eggs or metal: This issue frequently indicates the presence of bacteria thriving inside the water heater tank, which can lead to unpleasant odors reminiscent of rotten eggs. Additionally, it may suggest corrosion in the anode rod, a critical component designed to prevent rust and extend the lifespan of the tank. When the anode rod becomes corroded, it loses its effectiveness, allowing rust to form and potentially compromising the integrity of the water heater. Addressing these concerns promptly is essential to maintain the quality and safety of your water supply.

• Discolored or rusty water: Corrosion inside the tank is a serious issue that can affect your water heater's integrity and efficiency. It often begins when the anode rod, which attracts corrosive elements to protect the tank, becomes depleted or fails. Regular inspection and replacement of the anode rod are crucial. If the rod is severely corroded or the tank shows significant rust, consider replacing the unit, especially if it's older. This can prevent leaks and ensure a reliable hot water supply, saving you from costly repairs or water damage.

• Leaks or puddles around the base: Leaks or puddles around your water heater may result from a loose drain or faulty pressure relief valve, which can often be fixed by tightening or replacing the valve. However, if the tank is cracked, it will cause continuous leaks, requiring a full replacement to prevent further damage. Address these issues promptly to avoid flooding and costly repairs.

DIY Troubleshooting Checklist

If you’re comfortable doing some basic inspection work, this checklist can help you decide whether you need a professional:

1. Inspect the power or gas supply: Ensure the breaker is on (electric) or the gas valve is open and the pilot light is lit (gas).
2. Test the reset button: Located near the thermostat on electric models. A simple reset can sometimes restore function.
3. Check for visible leaks: Look around the base of the tank, connections, and temperature & pressure relief valve.
4. Listen for unusual sounds: Noises can tell you a lot about what’s happening inside the tank.
5. Flush the tank annually: This prevents sediment buildup, which is one of the most common causes of water heater issues.

Note: Exercise caution when working near hot water or electricity due to safety risks. Hot water can cause burns, and electricity can lead to shocks or fires. If unsure about any task, it's best to call a licensed plumber. They have the expertise to safely handle water heater issues, ensuring your home remains safe. Prioritizing safety and professional help can prevent accidents and costly errors.

When to Call a Professional

If you’ve gone through the checklist and still have no hot water—or if you’ve spotted a leak or hear loud banging—don’t wait. Calling a trusted plumbing service like Crawford Mechanical Services can save you from a major repair or water damage down the road. We frequently help homeowners in areas like Bexley, Westerville, and Upper Arlington with:

• Electric and gas water heater repair
• Diagnosing complex issues
• Full water heater installation and upgrades
• Water heater winterization

Plus, if you’re considering an upgrade, we can walk you through options like a high efficiency gas water heater or energy efficient water heater models that help cut utility costs.

Be Proactive with Preventive Maintenance

When dealing with water heater issues, exercise caution, especially around hot water and electricity, as both pose significant safety risks. Hot water can cause burns, and mishandled electricity can lead to shocks or fires. If unsure about diagnosing or repairing, consult a licensed plumber.

Professionals have the expertise and tools to safely address water heater problems, ensuring your home remains safe. Relying on their guidance prevents DIY pitfalls and costly mistakes. Professional plumbers also offer preventive maintenance advice, extending your water heater's life and efficiency, providing peace of mind.

Partner with Central Ohio’s Trusted Plumbing Experts

At Crawford Mechanical Services, we’ve been helping homeowners across Columbus, Bexley, Grove City, and beyond with honest guidance and reliable water heater installation for over 30 years. Whether you need a standard replacement or want to explore energy-efficient options, our team is here to walk you through every step of the process.